Entrance Model Set 3

1. A psychologist who studies how people store and retrieve information from memory is most likely a ________ psychologist.

cognitive industrial-organizational comparative physiological

2. In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response is called the

conditioned stimulus (CS) unconditioned stimulus (US) conditioned response (CR) unconditioned response (UR)

3. The approach that emphasizes unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences is

behaviorism humanistic psychology psychodynamic psychology cognitive psychology

4. “Client-centered therapy” is most strongly associated with

Albert Bandura Carl Rogers B. F. Skinner Ivan Pavlov

5. Informed consent in counseling primarily ensures that the client

agrees to follow the counselor’s advice understands the purpose, process, risks, and rights involved promises to complete therapy sessions is diagnosed before therapy begins

6. A correlation of -0.80 indicates

a strong positive relationship a weak negative relationship a strong negative relationship no relationship

7. A major limitation of correlational research is that it cannot

measure relationships use numerical data establish cause-and-effect be replicated

8. A researcher manipulates sleep deprivation (0 hours vs 24 hours) and measures reaction time. Sleep deprivation is the

dependent variable independent variable confounding variable control condition

9. The tendency to seek information that supports one’s beliefs is called

hindsight bias confirmation bias anchoring bias availability heuristic

10. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

giving a child candy for good behavior removing an annoying noise when a button is pressed scolding a student for late submission adding extra homework after misbehavior

11. Bandura’s work highlighted the importance of

insight learning observational learning trial-and-error learning latent learning only in animals

12. The ethical principle most directly related to “do no harm” is

beneficence and nonmaleficence fidelity and responsibility justice respect for rights and dignity

13. A test that gives similar results when repeated under similar conditions demonstrates

validity reliability standardization norm-referencing

14. “Does the test measure what it claims to measure?” refers to

reliability validity objectivity scaling

15. According to Piaget, a child who can think logically about concrete events is in the

sensorimotor stage preoperational stage concrete operational stage formal operational stage

16. Erikson’s stage most associated with adolescence is

trust vs mistrust identity vs role confusion intimacy vs isolation generativity vs stagnation

17. The part of the neuron that receives incoming signals from other neurons is the

axon dendrite myelin sheath synaptic cleft

18. The brain structure most associated with regulating basic survival functions (breathing, heart rate) is the

cerebellum brainstem hippocampus occipital lobe

19. The “fight-or-flight” response is primarily linked to the

parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system sympathetic nervous system central nervous system only

20. A common neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, often linked with depression, is

acetylcholine serotonin dopamine only GABA only

21. A counselor maintaining a client’s privacy except when there is risk of serious harm is an example of

unconditional positive regard confidentiality with limits countertransference informed refusal

22. When a counselor feels unusually angry with a client because the client reminds them of someone from the counselor’s past, this is most consistent with

transference countertransference resistance extinction

23. In psychotherapy, transference refers to

the therapist projecting feelings onto the client the client projecting feelings onto the therapist the client refusing to discuss certain topics the therapist using multiple approaches

24. The therapeutic approach that focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs is

REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) psychoanalysis Gestalt therapy trait theory

25. CBT primarily targets the relationship between

dreams and symbols thoughts, feelings, and behaviors genetics and environment instincts and defense mechanisms

26. Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to someone else?

repression projection sublimation rationalization

27. A person who returns to childlike behavior under stress is showing

regression reaction formation displacement denial

28. The therapy approach that emphasizes awareness in the “here and now” and personal responsibility is most associated with

Gestalt therapy classical conditioning trait-factor counseling structuralism

29. The view that behavior is shaped primarily by consequences is central to

structuralism functionalism operant conditioning evolutionary psychology only

30. A key feature of humanistic psychology is emphasis on

unconscious drives free will and personal growth stimulus-response associations only brain localization only

31. In research ethics, deception is considered acceptable only when

the researcher wants more publications participants are never informed later it is justified by significant value and followed by debriefing participants sign a waiver that removes all rights

32. The mean is best described as

the most frequent score the middle score the arithmetic average the range divided by two

33. The median is best described as

the arithmetic average the middle score in an ordered list the most frequent score the difference between highest and lowest

34. A distribution with a long tail to the right is

negatively skewed positively skewed bimodal normal

35. In counseling, an eclectic counselor is one who

uses only one theory strictly avoids evidence-based methods integrates techniques from multiple approaches rejects ethics codes

36. Which of the following is a covert process?

writing notes sweating recalling a memory speaking in class

37. Which of the following is an overt behavior?

silently judging someone imagining an event tapping one’s foot feeling anxious

38. A key goal of psychological science is to

prove people are predictable describe, explain, predict, and influence behavior replace philosophy completely eliminate all mental illness

39. The school most associated with “the whole is different from the sum of its parts” is

Gestalt psychology behaviorism psychoanalysis structuralism

40. A major concern in counseling relationships is maintaining

dual relationships that help clients faster strict authority over clients professional boundaries secrecy with no exceptions

41. A standardized IQ test is designed so that the average score is typically

50 75 100 150

42. A client reports persistent worry, restlessness, and muscle tension for many months. This best fits

panic disorder only generalized anxiety disorder specific phobia dissociative amnesia

43. The term comorbidity means

symptoms disappear without treatment two or more disorders occur together therapy causes side effects behavior is learned through imitation only

44. A mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania is

major depressive disorder bipolar disorder generalized anxiety disorder OCD

45. The DSM is primarily used for

measuring intelligence diagnosing mental disorders prescribing medication conducting brain scans

46. A client expresses suicidal intent with a plan and means. The counselor’s most appropriate immediate priority is

keep it confidential at all costs complete personality testing first ensure safety and follow crisis protocols (including breaking confidentiality if required) tell the client to “think positively”

47. A psychologist who studies how culture shapes behavior and values is most likely in

cultural psychology industrial psychology neuropsychology psychometrics only

48. The approach most associated with studying mental structures through introspection was

functionalism behaviorism structuralism humanism

49. The “father of behaviorism” is commonly identified as

William James John B. Watson Wilhelm Wundt Abraham Maslow

50. In counseling, rapport refers to

strict diagnosis and labeling a warm, trusting, collaborative relationship the counselor’s authority over decisions avoiding emotional topics